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EARTHING OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR HUMAN SAFETY AND GROUNDING OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR EQUIPMENT SAFETY

COURSE DESCRIPTION :

Earthing

• Distinction between earthing and grounding

• Soil resistivity, influencing factors, soil treatment 

• Resistance to earth of different electrodes

• Measurement of grid resistance 

• Electrode selection and sizing: case study

• Human element 

• Step and touch potentials 

• Case study:  Ground mat design procedures  

• Case study:  Earthing in LV and MV systems    

• Significance of bonding conductor

• 'Clean earth’ for electronic equipment

Grounding

• Types of grounding

• Effectively grounded system

• Advantages and disadvantages of ungrounded system

• Ground fault detection in ungrounded system

• Neutral inversion and ferro-resonance

• Advantages and disadvantages of solidly grounded system

• Advantages and disadvantages of resistance grounded system

• Sizing of NGR and NGT: case study

• Resonant grounding – applications and difficulties

• Case study :   Application of zigzag and open delta for grounding        

• Case study :   Pitfalls in grounding mix up     

• Case study :   Neutral grounding of generators – core damage limitation
                       - correct and incorrect approaches     

• Correct LA, Cable and PT selection for different grounding applications

• Case study : Problems in ground fault relaying